The simplest form of primary treating equipment is a settling (skim) tank or vessel. These items are normally designed to provide long residence times during…
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The process of flotation improves the separation of the oil droplets from the water continuous phase. This goal is accomplished by increasing the difference in…
The process of coalescence in water treating systems is more time dependent than the process of dispersion. In dispersions of two immiscible liquids, immediate coalescence…
An oscillating droplet of oil becomes unstable when the kinetic energy is sufficient to make up for the difference in the surface energy between the…
Most commonly used water treating equipment items rely on the forces of gravity to separate the oil droplets from the water continuous phase. The oil…
In producing operations it is often necessary to handle waste water that may include water produced with crude oil, rain water, and washdown water. The…
Some treaters use an electrode section. Figure 6-11 illustrates a typical design of a horizontal electrostatic treater. The flow path in an electrostatic treater is…
Liquid carryover and gas blowby are two common operating problems. Liquid carryover occurs when free liquid escapes with the gas phase and can indicate high…
Sand can be very troublesome in separators by causing cutout of valve trim, plugging of separator internals, and accumulation in the bottom of the separator.…
Separator operation can be adversely affected by an accumulation of paraffin. Coalescing plates in the liquid section and mesh pad mist extractors in the gas…