The most important safety devices in a production facility are the pressure relief valves, which ensure that pipes, valves, fittings, and pressure vessels can never…
Conventional Valve, Balanced-Bellows Valve, or Pilot-Operated Valve The corresponding equations for liquid flow are the following: Note that a preliminary orifice size must be determined…
For an oil and gas separator to accomplish its primary functions, pressure must be maintained in the separator so that the liquid and gas can…
As shown in Figure 5-2, the well stream enters the first coil at its flowing tubing temperature and pressure. Alternatively, it could be choked at…
A vent scrubber is a two-phase separator designed to remove the liquid from the relieving fluids before the gas is flared or vented. The liquid…
Pilot-operated relief valves use the pressure in the vessel rather than a spring to seal the valve and a pilot to activate the mechanism. Figure…
Removing water from crude oil often requires additional processing beyond gravitational separation. In selecting a treating system, several factors should be considered to determine the…
Hydrocarbon streams as produced at the wellhead are composed of a mixture of gas, liquid hydrocarbons, and sometimes free water. In most cases it is…
It is also necessary to control the gas/liquid interface or the oil/water interface in process equipment. This is done with a level controller and liquid…
In modern refinery practice the distillation of atmospheric residue is accomplished under high vacuum conditions in a specially designed tower whose internal equipment ensures a…