To maintain pressure on a separator, a liquid seal must be effected in the lower portion of the vessel. This liquid seal prevents loss of…
Some treaters use an electrode section. Figure 6-11 illustrates a typical design of a horizontal electrostatic treater. The flow path in an electrostatic treater is…
For an emulsion to exist there must be two mutually immiscible liquids, an emulsifying agent, and sufficient agitation to disperse the discontinuous phase into the…
Most oil treating on offshore facilities is done in vertical or horizontal treaters, such as those described in “Crude Oil Treating System“. Figure 2-8 is…
For most multi-well situations horizontal treaters are normally required. Figure 6-10 shows a typical design of a horizontal treater. Flow enters the front section of…
Mist extractors can be made of wire mesh, vanes, centrifugal force devices, or packing. Wire mesh pads (Figure 4-10) are made of finely woven mats…
In many refineries most of theC4’s and lighter are removed from the atmospheric column overhead distillate in the first column of the light end unit.…
TEMA standards provide for two classes of shell and tube exchanger qualities. Class C is the less stringent and is typically used in onshore applications…
Cyclone separators are widely used in various industries for the separation of solid particles from gas or liquid streams. The capacity of a cyclone separator…
Each relief valve should be equipped with inlet piping no smaller than the valve inlet flange size, and inlet piping should be as short as…