A bed of random packing typically consists of a bed support (typically a gas injection support plate) upon which pieces of packing material are randomly…
Separator operation can be adversely affected by an accumulation of paraffin. Coalescing plates in the liquid section and mesh pad mist extractors in the gas…
Numerous processes have been developed for gas sweetening based on a variety of chemical and physical principles. These processes can be categorized by the principles…
Most commonly used water treating equipment items rely on the forces of gravity to separate the oil droplets from the water continuous phase. The oil…
When thinking about emulsion stability, it may be helpful to realize that in a pure oil and pure water mixture, without an emulsifying agent, no…
Several proprietary processes have been developed based on the hot carbonate system with an activator or catalyst. These activators increase the performance of the hot…
It is possible to use a coalescing media to promote coalescence of the water droplets. These media provide large surface area upon which water droplets…
The Bernoulli equation is a way of describing how the energy of a fluid changes along its path. It says that the sum of the…
The sensible heat duty for the oil phase is: where Q0 = oil flow rate, bpd SG = oil specific gravity C0 = oil specific…
Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are cylindrical in shape, consisting of a bundle of parallel tubes surrounded by an outer casing (shell). Both the tube bundle and…