Direct-fired combustion equipment is that in which the flame and/or products of combustion are used to achieve the desired result by radiation and convection. Common…
Tube holes cannot be drilled very close together, since this may structually weaken the tube sheet. The shortest distance between two adjacent tube holes is…
An oscillating droplet of oil becomes unstable when the kinetic energy is sufficient to make up for the difference in the surface energy between the…
The relief header is a system of piping connecting the outlets of all the relief valves into a common pipe or header that goes to…
To assure that the liquid and gas reach equilibrium at separator pressure a certain liquid storage is required. This is defined as “retention time” or…
Choking, or expansion of gas from a high pressure to a lower pressure, is generally required for control of gas flow rates. Choking is achieved…
Water Treatment describes choosing a process for this subsystem, including vessel and open drains. Figure 2-13 shows an enlargement of the watertreating system for the…
Most oil treating on offshore facilities is done in vertical or horizontal treaters, such as those described in “Crude Oil Treating System“. Figure 2-8 is…
Sand can be very troublesome in separators by causing cutout of valve trim, plugging of separator internals, and accumulation in the bottom of the separator.…
The most commonly used single-well lease treater is the vertical treater as shown in Figure 6-8. Flow enters the top of the treater into a…