Two-Phase Flow There are no precise formulas for calculating orifice area for twophase flow. The common convention is to calculate the area required for the…
A fixed bed of solid particles can be used to remove acid gases either through chemical reactions or ionic bonding. Typically, in solid bed absorption…
Contactor column usually contain either tray random packing or structure packing. For large volume of gas, the contactor is usually a tray column consisting of…
There are many different arrangements of the shells, tubes and baffles in heat exchangers. Figure 3-6 is a list of TEMA standard classifications for heat…
The molecular weight of the liquid stream is calculated from the weighted average liquid component molecular weight given by: This is calculated in Table 3-3.…
In many refineries most of theC4’s and lighter are removed from the atmospheric column overhead distillate in the first column of the light end unit.…
A double-pipe exchanger is made up of one pipe containing the tube fluid concentric with another pipe, which serves as the shell. The tube is…
This process uses propylene carbonate as a physical solvent to remove CO2 and H2S. Propylene carbonate also removes C2+ hydrocarbons, COS, SO2, CS2, and H2O…
Pressure Relief Devices All pressure vessels should be equipped with one or more pressure safety valves (PSVs) to prevent overpressure. This is a requirement of…
It can be shown mathematically that an efficient design must have a high gas induction rate, a small diameter induced gas bubble, and relatively large…