Most commonly used water treating equipment items rely on the forces of gravity to separate the oil droplets from the water continuous phase. The oil…
A kinetic inhibitor is a polymeric chemical that, when added to a production stream, will not change the hydrate formation temperature but will delay the…
Produced wellhead fluids are complex mixtures of different compounds of hydrogen and carbon, all with different densities, vapor pressures, and other physical characteristics. As a well stream flows from the hot, high-pressure petroleum reservoir, it experiences pressure and temperature reductions. Gases evolve from the liquids and the well streamchanges in character.
In condensate stabilizers, trays generally have 70% equilibrium stage efficiency. That is, 1.4 actual trays are required to provide one theoretical stage. The spacing between…
The maximum allowable stress values to be used in the calculation of the vessel’s wall thickness are given in the ASME Code for many different…
Choking, or expansion of gas from a high pressure to a lower pressure, is generally required for control of gas flow rates. Choking is achieved…
The flow of a compressible fluid through an orifice is limited by critical flow. Critical flow is also referred to as choked flow, sonic flow,…
A vessel may be subject to more than one condition under different failure scenarios. For example, a low pressure separator may be subject to blocked…
Separator operation can be adversely affected by an accumulation of paraffin. Coalescing plates in the liquid section and mesh pad mist extractors in the gas…
Several proprietary processes have been developed based on the hot carbonate system with an activator or catalyst. These activators increase the performance of the hot…