These are thin diaphragms held between flanges and calibrated to burst at a specified static inlet pressure. Unlike relief valves, rapture discs cannot reseal when…
In the absence of any laboratory data, correlations exist that relate viscosity and temperature, given the oil gravity. The following equation relating viscosity, gravity, and…
There are usually two naphtha cuts produced from most crude. These are: Light naphtha (sometimes called light gasoline) Heavy naphtha. Both these streams are the…
Vortex Breaker As liquid flows out of the exit nozzle, it will swirl and create a vortex. Vortexing would carry the gas out with the…
In vertical separators, a minimum diameter must be maintained to allow liquid drops to separate from the vertically moving gas. The liquid retention time requirement…
This is the bottom product from the atmospheric distillation of the crude oil. Most crude oils are distilled in the atmospheric crude oil tower to…
The fraction of any one component that flashes to gas at any stage in a process is a function of the temperature, pressure, and composition…
In long horizontal vessels it is necessary to install wave breakers, which are nothing more than vertical baffles spanning the gas-liquid interface and perpendicular to…
For stripping service, as in a glycol or amine contactor , bubble cap trays are the most common. In recent years, there has been a…
The Bernoulli equation is a way of describing how the energy of a fluid changes along its path. It says that the sum of the…