Flow regimes describe the nature of fluid flow. There are two basic flow regimes for flow of a single-phase fluid: laminar flow and turbulent flow.…
The design pressure for a vessel is called its “Maximum Allowable Working Pressure” (MAWP). In conversation this is sometimes referred to simply as the vessel’s…
The way in which the process temperature is controlled varies. In a heater, a temperature controller measures the process temperature and signals a fuel valve…
In vertical separators, a minimum diameter must be maintained to allow liquid drops to separate from the vertically moving gas. The liquid retention time requirement…
Pressure Relief Devices All pressure vessels should be equipped with one or more pressure safety valves (PSVs) to prevent overpressure. This is a requirement of…
It is very rare that flow must be controlled in an oil field process. Normally, the control of pressure, level, and temperature is sufficient. Occasionally,…
Two common internals not discussed are coalescing plates and sand jets. It is possible to use various plate or pipe coalescer designs to aid in…
In many refineries most of theC4’s and lighter are removed from the atmospheric column overhead distillate in the first column of the light end unit.…
Coalescing of the small water drops dispersed in the crude can be accomplished by subjecting the water-in-oil emulsion to a high-voltage electrical field. When a…
The skim pile is a type of disposal pile. As shown in Figure 7-18, flow through the multiple series of baffle plates creates zones of…