The Reynolds number is a dimensionless parameter that relates the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces. It can be expressed by the following general…
A bed of structured packing consists of a bed support upon which elements of structured packing are placed. Beds of structured packing typically have lower…
In the past, it was common to direct the water to be treated through a bed of excelsior or another similar medium, as shown in…
Some treaters use an electrode section. Figure 6-11 illustrates a typical design of a horizontal electrostatic treater. The flow path in an electrostatic treater is…
For an emulsion to exist there must be two mutually immiscible liquids, an emulsifying agent, and sufficient agitation to disperse the discontinuous phase into the…
The relief header is a system of piping connecting the outlets of all the relief valves into a common pipe or header that goes to…
The simplest form of primary treating equipment is a settling (skim) tank or vessel. These items are normally designed to provide long residence times during…
Most oil treating on offshore facilities is done in vertical or horizontal treaters, such as those described in “Crude Oil Treating System“. Figure 2-8 is…
Separators are designed in either horizontal, vertical, or spherical configurations. Figure 4-1 is a schematic of a horizontal separator. The initial gross separation of liquid…
TEMA standards provide for two classes of shell and tube exchanger qualities. Class C is the less stringent and is typically used in onshore applications…