It is customary to express the energy contained in a fluid in terms of the potential energy contained in an equivalent height or “head” of…
Specific gravity of a liquid is the ratio of the density of the liquid at 60°F to the density of pure water. API gravity is…
The factor of proportionality in the previous equations is called the Moody friction factor and is determined from the Moody resistance diagram shown in Figure…
This process uses propylene carbonate as a physical solvent to remove CO2 and H2S. Propylene carbonate also removes C2+ hydrocarbons, COS, SO2, CS2, and H2O…
Produced wellhead fluids are complex mixtures of different compounds of hydrogen and carbon, all with different densities, vapor pressures, and other physical characteristics. As a well stream flows from the hot, high-pressure petroleum reservoir, it experiences pressure and temperature reductions. Gases evolve from the liquids and the well streamchanges in character.
To maintain pressure on a separator, a liquid seal must be effected in the lower portion of the vessel. This liquid seal prevents loss of…
Sand can be very troublesome in separators by causing cutout of valve trim, plugging of separator internals, and accumulation in the bottom of the separator.…
Before choosing a wall thickness it is necessary to choose a pressure rating for the coil. Typically, the high-pressure coil (L1) is rated for the…
This property of a fluid indicates its resistance to flow. It is a dynamic property, in that it can be measured only when the fluid…
Figure 5-3 shows an alternate configuration known as a “bucket and weir” design. This design eliminates the need for a liquid interface controller. Both the…