The oil must be held at temperature for a specific period of time to enable de-emulsifying the water-in-oil emulsion. This information is best determined in…
Resembling dirty ice, hydrates consist of a water lattice in which light hydrocarbon molecules are embedded. They are a loosely-linked crystalline chemical compound of hydrocarbon…
The liquid flow rate in moles per day for a given inlet stream can be determined from Equation 3-17. In our example, for an inlet…
In producing operations it is often necessary to handle waste water that may include water produced with crude oil, rain water, and washdown water. The…
This property of a fluid indicates its resistance to flow. It is a dynamic property, in that it can be measured only when the fluid…
For sizing a horizontal three-phase separator it is necessary to specify a vessel diameter and a seam-to-seam vessel length. The gas capacity and retention time…
Pressure Relief Devices All pressure vessels should be equipped with one or more pressure safety valves (PSVs) to prevent overpressure. This is a requirement of…
Before the vessel fabrication can proceed, the fabricator will develop complete drawings and have these drawings approved by the representative of the engineering firm and/or…
Water Treatment describes choosing a process for this subsystem, including vessel and open drains. Figure 2-13 shows an enlargement of the watertreating system for the…
Equipment manufacturers have modified the CPI configuration for horizontal water flow perpendicular to the axis of the corrugations in the plates as shown in Figure…