The question always comes up of which fluid to put in the tubes and which fluid to put in the shell. Consider placing a fluid…
Process outlet temperature in an aerial cooler can be controlled by louvers, fan variable speed drives, blade pitch or recirculation of process fluid. As the…
This is the bottom product from the vacuum distillation unit. Just as in the case of the atmospheric residue it has several options for its…
In modern refinery practice the distillation of atmospheric residue is accomplished under high vacuum conditions in a specially designed tower whose internal equipment ensures a…
The molecular weight of the liquid stream is calculated from the weighted average liquid component molecular weight given by: This is calculated in Table 3-3.…
It is customary to express the energy contained in a fluid in terms of the potential energy contained in an equivalent height or “head” of…
Federal regulations and most authorities having jurisdiction require that “free oil” be removed from deck drainage prior to disposal. It is extremely difficult to predict…
The simplest form of primary treating equipment is a settling (skim) tank or vessel. These items are normally designed to provide long residence times during…
This is the bottom product from the atmospheric distillation of the crude oil. Most crude oils are distilled in the atmospheric crude oil tower to…
When subjected to a magnetic induction B, an elementary volume v of magnetizable substance acquires local magnetization M, where M is the magnetic moment of…