Sand can be very troublesome in separators by causing cutout of valve trim, plugging of separator internals, and accumulation in the bottom of the separator.…
Re-entrainment is a phenomenon caused by high gas velocity at the gas-liquid interface of a separator. Momentum transfer from the gas to the liquid causes…
The maximum allowable stress values to be used in the calculation of the vessel’s wall thickness are given in the ASME Code for many different…
TEMA standards provide for two classes of shell and tube exchanger qualities. Class C is the less stringent and is typically used in onshore applications…
Vortex Breaker As liquid flows out of the exit nozzle, it will swirl and create a vortex. Vortexing would carry the gas out with the…
A double-pipe exchanger is made up of one pipe containing the tube fluid concentric with another pipe, which serves as the shell. The tube is…
It should be clear from the description of LTX units that the lower pressure separator in an LTX unit is a simple form of cold-feed…
The first step in choosing a water treating system is to characterize the influent water streams. It is necessary to know both the oil concentration…
The choice of separator operating pressures in a multistage system is large. For large facilities many options should be investigated before a final choice is…
This equation, which is also sometimes called the Weisbach equation or the Darcy-Weisbach equation, states that the friction head loss between two points in a…