Aerial coolers are often used to cool a hot fluid to near ambient temperature. They are mechanically simple and flexible, and they eliminate the nuisance…
Tube holes cannot be drilled very close together, since this may structually weaken the tube sheet. The shortest distance between two adjacent tube holes is…
Pilot-operated relief valves use the pressure in the vessel rather than a spring to seal the valve and a pilot to activate the mechanism. Figure…
For an emulsion to exist there must be two mutually immiscible liquids, an emulsifying agent, and sufficient agitation to disperse the discontinuous phase into the…
A typical spherical separator is shown in Figure 4-3. The same four sections can be found in this vessel. Spherical separators are a special case…
Coalescing of the small water drops dispersed in the crude can be accomplished by subjecting the water-in-oil emulsion to a high-voltage electrical field. When a…
The major cause of foam in crude oil is the appearance of impurities, other than water, which are impractical to remove before the stream reaches…
The choice of separator operating pressures in a multistage system is large. For large facilities many options should be investigated before a final choice is…
Most companies have a detailed general specification for the construction of pressure vessels, which defines the overall quality of fabrication required and addresses specific items…
It should be clear from the description of LTX units that the lower pressure separator in an LTX unit is a simple form of cold-feed…