Specific gravity of a liquid is the ratio of the density of the liquid at 60°F to the density of pure water. API gravity is…
This is not strictly a cut but consists of all the light material in the crude absorbed into the total overhead distillate from the crude…
Pilot-operated relief valves use the pressure in the vessel rather than a spring to seal the valve and a pilot to activate the mechanism. Figure…
This property of a fluid indicates its resistance to flow. It is a dynamic property, in that it can be measured only when the fluid…
The following formulas are used in the ASME Code Section VIII, Division 1 for determining wall thickness: Wall thickness—cylindrical shells Figure 12-1 defines the various…
The process of flotation improves the separation of the oil droplets from the water continuous phase. This goal is accomplished by increasing the difference in…
It is possible to use a coalescing media to promote coalescence of the water droplets. These media provide large surface area upon which water droplets…
The first step in choosing a water treating system is to characterize the influent water streams. It is necessary to know both the oil concentration…
Several proprietary processes have been developed based on the hot carbonate system with an activator or catalyst. These activators increase the performance of the hot…
Tube holes cannot be drilled very close together, since this may structually weaken the tube sheet. The shortest distance between two adjacent tube holes is…