TEMA standards provide for two classes of shell and tube exchanger qualities. Class C is the less stringent and is typically used in onshore applications…
The maximum and minimum design temperatures for a vessel will determine the maximum allowable stress value permitted for the material to be used in the…
Several proprietary processes have been developed based on the hot carbonate system with an activator or catalyst. These activators increase the performance of the hot…
Most oil-treating equipment relies on gravity to separate water droplets from the oil continuous phase, because water droplets are heavier than the volume of oil…
Re-entrainment is a phenomenon caused by high gas velocity at the gas-liquid interface of a separator. Momentum transfer from the gas to the liquid causes…
The molecular weight of the stream is calculated from the weighted average gas molecular weight given by: The molecular weight of the gas stream of…
The Bernoulli equation is a way of describing how the energy of a fluid changes along its path. It says that the sum of the…
There are four major types or basic configurations of separators, generally available from manufacturers which are as follows: 1. Vertical 2. Horizontal Single Tube 3.…
The relief header is a system of piping connecting the outlets of all the relief valves into a common pipe or header that goes to…
The most common form of parallel plate interceptor used in oil facilities is the corrugated plate interceptor (CPI). This is a refinement of the PPI…