As more stages are added to the process there is less and less incremental liquid recovery. The diminishing income for adding a stage must more…
In the absence of any laboratory data, correlations exist that relate viscosity and temperature, given the oil gravity. The following equation relating viscosity, gravity, and…
Dissolved gas designs take a portion of the treated water effluent and saturate the water with natural gas in a contactor. The higher the pressure…
Laboratory testing of a particular oil at various temperatures is the most reliable method of determining how an oil behaves. ASTM D 341 outlines a…
This is the bottom product from the vacuum distillation unit. Just as in the case of the atmospheric residue it has several options for its…
The first step in choosing a water treating system is to characterize the influent water streams. It is necessary to know both the oil concentration…
It is very rare that flow must be controlled in an oil field process. Normally, the control of pressure, level, and temperature is sufficient. Occasionally,…
One method of assuring that hydrates do not form is to assure that the amount of water vapor in the gas is always less than…
Several proprietary processes have been developed based on the hot carbonate system with an activator or catalyst. These activators increase the performance of the hot…
A bed of structured packing consists of a bed support upon which elements of structured packing are placed. Beds of structured packing typically have lower…