The oil must be held at temperature for a specific period of time to enable de-emulsifying the water-in-oil emulsion. This information is best determined in…
In order to choose the coil length and diameter, a temperature must first be chosen upstream of the choke; the higher Th the longer the…
This equation, which is also sometimes called the Weisbach equation or the Darcy-Weisbach equation, states that the friction head loss between two points in a…
For sizing a horizontal separator it is necessary to choose a seam-toseam vessel length and a diameter. This choice must satisfy the conditions for gas…
The sensible heat duty for the oil phase is: where Q0 = oil flow rate, bpd SG = oil specific gravity C0 = oil specific…
The choice of separator operating pressures in a multistage system is large. For large facilities many options should be investigated before a final choice is…
In long horizontal vessels it is necessary to install wave breakers, which are nothing more than vertical baffles spanning the gas-liquid interface and perpendicular to…
Pressure Relief Devices All pressure vessels should be equipped with one or more pressure safety valves (PSVs) to prevent overpressure. This is a requirement of…
For an emulsion to exist there must be two mutually immiscible liquids, an emulsifying agent, and sufficient agitation to disperse the discontinuous phase into the…
In many refineries most of theC4’s and lighter are removed from the atmospheric column overhead distillate in the first column of the light end unit.…