The area of the fire tube is normally calculated based on a heat flux rate of 10,000 Btu/hr-ft2. The fire-tube length can be determined from:…
The design pressure for a vessel is called its “Maximum Allowable Working Pressure” (MAWP). In conversation this is sometimes referred to simply as the vessel’s…
It is customary to express the energy contained in a fluid in terms of the potential energy contained in an equivalent height or “head” of…
The specific gravity difference between the dispersed water droplets and the oil should result in the water “sinking” to the bottom of the treatment vessel.…
For distillation services, as in condensate stabilization, tray design is well understood, and many engineers are more comfortable with trays than with packing. In the…
Plate-and-frame exchangers are an arrangement of gasketed, pressed metal plates aligned on carrying bars and secured between two covers by compression bolts. The pressed metal…
The way in which the process temperature is controlled varies. In a heater, a temperature controller measures the process temperature and signals a fuel valve…
Sand can be very troublesome in separators by causing cutout of valve trim, plugging of separator internals, and accumulation in the bottom of the separator.…
The process of flotation improves the separation of the oil droplets from the water continuous phase. This goal is accomplished by increasing the difference in…
In the past, it was common to direct the water to be treated through a bed of excelsior or another similar medium, as shown in…