In many refineries most of theC4’s and lighter are removed from the atmospheric column overhead distillate in the first column of the light end unit.…
The factor of proportionality in the previous equations is called the Moody friction factor and is determined from the Moody resistance diagram shown in Figure…
In condensate stabilizers, trays generally have 70% equilibrium stage efficiency. That is, 1.4 actual trays are required to provide one theoretical stage. The spacing between…
The maximum allowable stress values to be used in the calculation of the vessel’s wall thickness are given in the ASME Code for many different…
The required heat duty, film coefficients, conductivity, etc. for a shell and tube heat exchanger can be calculated using the procedures in Heat Transfer Theory,…
The relief header is a system of piping connecting the outlets of all the relief valves into a common pipe or header that goes to…
This property of a fluid indicates its resistance to flow. It is a dynamic property, in that it can be measured only when the fluid…
The most important safety devices in a production facility are the pressure relief valves, which ensure that pipes, valves, fittings, and pressure vessels can never…
Nozzles should be sized according to pipe sizing criteria, such as those provided in API RP 14E. The outlet nozzle is generally the same size…
Before choosing a wall thickness it is necessary to choose a pressure rating for the coil. Typically, the high-pressure coil (L1) is rated for the…