The process of coalescence in water treating systems is more time dependent than the process of dispersion. In dispersions of two immiscible liquids, immediate coalescence…
Re-entrainment is a phenomenon caused by high gas velocity at the gas-liquid interface of a separator. Momentum transfer from the gas to the liquid causes…
The area of the fire tube is normally calculated based on a heat flux rate of 10,000 Btu/hr-ft2. The fire-tube length can be determined from:…
This process uses propylene carbonate as a physical solvent to remove CO2 and H2S. Propylene carbonate also removes C2+ hydrocarbons, COS, SO2, CS2, and H2O…
In every system substances that show up as “oil” in the laboratory test procedure will be dissolved in the water. This is especially true where…
Removing water from crude oil often requires additional processing beyond gravitational separation. In selecting a treating system, several factors should be considered to determine the…
Hydrocarbon streams as produced at the wellhead are composed of a mixture of gas, liquid hydrocarbons, and sometimes free water. In most cases it is…
Specific gravity of a liquid is the ratio of the density of the liquid at 60°F to the density of pure water. API gravity is…
In large facilities oil is typically sold through a LACT unit, which is designed to meet API Standards and whatever additional measuring and sampling standards…
The design pressure for a vessel is called its “Maximum Allowable Working Pressure” (MAWP). In conversation this is sometimes referred to simply as the vessel’s…