It should be clear from the description of LTX units that the lower pressure separator in an LTX unit is a simple form of cold-feed…
This is the bottom product from the vacuum distillation unit. Just as in the case of the atmospheric residue it has several options for its…
The design pressure for a vessel is called its “Maximum Allowable Working Pressure” (MAWP). In conversation this is sometimes referred to simply as the vessel’s…
A double-pipe exchanger is made up of one pipe containing the tube fluid concentric with another pipe, which serves as the shell. The tube is…
There are four major types or basic configurations of separators, generally available from manufacturers which are as follows: 1. Vertical 2. Horizontal Single Tube 3.…
Developed by Allied Chemical Company, this process is selective toward removing sulfur compounds. Levels of CO2 can be reduced by approximately 85%. This process may…
The maximum allowable stress values to be used in the calculation of the vessel’s wall thickness are given in the ASME Code for many different…
Figure 4-2 is a schematic of a vertical separator. In this configuration the inlet flow enters the vessel through the side. As in the horizontal…
The area of the fire tube is normally calculated based on a heat flux rate of 10,000 Btu/hr-ft2. The fire-tube length can be determined from:…
The Bernoulli equation is a way of describing how the energy of a fluid changes along its path. It says that the sum of the…