Foam at the interface may occur when gas bubbles are liberated from the liquid. This foam can be stabilized with the addition of chemicals at…
Equipment manufacturers have modified the CPI configuration for horizontal water flow perpendicular to the axis of the corrugations in the plates as shown in Figure…
The Bernoulli equation is a way of describing how the energy of a fluid changes along its path. It says that the sum of the…
Control valves are used throughout the process to control pressure, level, temperature, or flow. It is beyond the scope of this text to discussthe differences…
The ASME code requires every pressure vessel that can be blocked In to have a relief valve to alleviate pressure build up due to thermal…
Removing water from crude oil often requires additional processing beyond gravitational separation. In selecting a treating system, several factors should be considered to determine the…
In many refineries most of theC4’s and lighter are removed from the atmospheric column overhead distillate in the first column of the light end unit.…
For sizing a horizontal three-phase separator it is necessary to specify a vessel diameter and a seam-to-seam vessel length. The gas capacity and retention time…
Cyclone separators are designed to operate by centrifugal force. These designs are best suited for fairly clean gas streams. The swirling action of the gas…
The area of the fire tube is normally calculated based on a heat flux rate of 10,000 Btu/hr-ft2. The fire-tube length can be determined from:…