The factor of proportionality in the previous equations is called the Moody friction factor and is determined from the Moody resistance diagram shown in Figure…
A gas-processing plant, is designed to recover ethane, propane, butane, and other natural gas liquids from the gas stream. A condensate stabilizer also recovers some…
For an oil and gas separator to accomplish its primary functions, pressure must be maintained in the separator so that the liquid and gas can…
When subjected to a magnetic induction B, an elementary volume v of magnetizable substance acquires local magnetization M, where M is the magnetic moment of…
This fraction is usually the first side stream of a conventional atmospheric distillation unit. It may be cut to meet a burning oil specification or…
The most important safety devices in a production facility are the pressure relief valves, which ensure that pipes, valves, fittings, and pressure vessels can never…
The maximum allowable stress values to be used in the calculation of the vessel’s wall thickness are given in the ASME Code for many different…
Heat exchangers used in gas production facilities are shell-and-tube, double-pipe, plate-and-frame, bath-type, forced-air, or direct-fired. In this chapter we will discuss the basic concepts for…
TEMA standards provide for two classes of shell and tube exchanger qualities. Class C is the less stringent and is typically used in onshore applications…
The area of the fire tube is normally calculated based on a heat flux rate of 10,000 Btu/hr-ft2. The fire-tube length can be determined from:…