In addition to the type description code there is also a shorthand that is used for classifying heat exchangers. The first element of the shorthand…
In the absence of any laboratory data, correlations exist that relate viscosity and temperature, given the oil gravity. The following equation relating viscosity, gravity, and…
The factor of proportionality in the previous equations is called the Moody friction factor and is determined from the Moody resistance diagram shown in Figure…
The relief header is a system of piping connecting the outlets of all the relief valves into a common pipe or header that goes to…
In producing operations it is often necessary to handle waste water that may include water produced with crude oil, rain water, and washdown water. The…
This is the bottom product from the vacuum distillation unit. Just as in the case of the atmospheric residue it has several options for its…
Plate coalescers are skim tanks or vessels that use internal plates to improve the gravity separation process. Various configurations of plate coalescers have been devised.…
Coriolis mass-flow controllers (MFCs) are widely used in the chemical process industries (CPI) for applications that require precise and accurate measurement and control of critical…
Aerial coolers are often used to cool a hot fluid to near ambient temperature. They are mechanically simple and flexible, and they eliminate the nuisance…
Choking, or expansion of gas from a high pressure to a lower pressure, is generally required for control of gas flow rates. Choking is achieved…