Specific gravity of a liquid is the ratio of the density of the liquid at 60°F to the density of pure water. API gravity is…
This is not strictly a cut but consists of all the light material in the crude absorbed into the total overhead distillate from the crude…
Coalescing of the small water drops dispersed in the crude can be accomplished by subjecting the water-in-oil emulsion to a high-voltage electrical field. When a…
The area of the fire tube is normally calculated based on a heat flux rate of 10,000 Btu/hr-ft2. The fire-tube length can be determined from:…
A kinetic inhibitor is a polymeric chemical that, when added to a production stream, will not change the hydrate formation temperature but will delay the…
It is customary to express the energy contained in a fluid in terms of the potential energy contained in an equivalent height or “head” of…
This is the bottom product from the vacuum distillation unit. Just as in the case of the atmospheric residue it has several options for its…
Dissolved gas designs take a portion of the treated water effluent and saturate the water with natural gas in a contactor. The higher the pressure…
The relief header is a system of piping connecting the outlets of all the relief valves into a common pipe or header that goes to…
The process of flotation improves the separation of the oil droplets from the water continuous phase. This goal is accomplished by increasing the difference in…