Specific gravity of a liquid is the ratio of the density of the liquid at 60°F to the density of pure water. API gravity is…
Conventional Valve, Balanced-Bellows Valve, or Pilot-Operated Valve The corresponding equations for liquid flow are the following: Note that a preliminary orifice size must be determined…
Separators are designed in either horizontal, vertical, or spherical configurations. Figure 4-1 is a schematic of a horizontal separator. The initial gross separation of liquid…
A kinetic inhibitor is a polymeric chemical that, when added to a production stream, will not change the hydrate formation temperature but will delay the…
The droplet diameter is the most important single parameter to control to aid in water settling since this term is squared in the settling equation.…
Water Treatment describes choosing a process for this subsystem, including vessel and open drains. Figure 2-13 shows an enlargement of the watertreating system for the…
The fraction of any one component that flashes to gas at any stage in a process is a function of the temperature, pressure, and composition…
In modern refinery practice the distillation of atmospheric residue is accomplished under high vacuum conditions in a specially designed tower whose internal equipment ensures a…
The German Lurgi Company and Linde A. G. developed the Rectisol® process to use methanol to sweeten natural gas. Due to the high vapor pressure…
A bed of random packing typically consists of a bed support (typically a gas injection support plate) upon which pieces of packing material are randomly…