In long horizontal vessels it is necessary to install wave breakers, which are nothing more than vertical baffles spanning the gas-liquid interface and perpendicular to…
In vertical separators, a minimum diameter must be maintained to allow liquid drops to separate from the vertically moving gas. The liquid retention time requirement…
Specific gravity of a liquid is the ratio of the density of the liquid at 60°F to the density of pure water. API gravity is…
To assure that the liquid and gas reach equilibrium at separator pressure a certain liquid storage is required. This is defined as “retention time” or…
In dispersed gas units gas bubbles are dispersed in the total stream either by the use of an inductor device or by a vortex set…
This is the bottom product from the vacuum distillation unit. Just as in the case of the atmospheric residue it has several options for its…
Direct-fired combustion equipment is that in which the flame and/or products of combustion are used to achieve the desired result by radiation and convection. Common…
Control valves are used throughout the process to control pressure, level, temperature, or flow. It is beyond the scope of this text to discussthe differences…
This is not strictly a cut but consists of all the light material in the crude absorbed into the total overhead distillate from the crude…
Federal regulations and most authorities having jurisdiction require that “free oil” be removed from deck drainage prior to disposal. It is extremely difficult to predict…