Pilot-operated relief valves use the pressure in the vessel rather than a spring to seal the valve and a pilot to activate the mechanism. Figure…
This fraction is usually the first side stream of a conventional atmospheric distillation unit. It may be cut to meet a burning oil specification or…
Tube holes cannot be drilled very close together, since this may structually weaken the tube sheet. The shortest distance between two adjacent tube holes is…
Cyclone separators are widely used in various industries for the separation of solid particles from gas or liquid streams. The capacity of a cyclone separator…
A typical spherical separator is shown in Figure 4-3. The same four sections can be found in this vessel. Spherical separators are a special case…
In vertical separators, a minimum diameter must be maintained to allow liquid drops to separate from the vertically moving gas. The liquid retention time requirement…
Nozzles should be sized according to pipe sizing criteria, such as those provided in API RP 14E. The outlet nozzle is generally the same size…
The required heat duty, film coefficients, conductivity, etc. for a shell and tube heat exchanger can be calculated using the procedures in Heat Transfer Theory,…
Coalescing of the small water drops dispersed in the crude can be accomplished by subjecting the water-in-oil emulsion to a high-voltage electrical field. When a…
The gravity settling devices previously discussed make use of closely spaced internals to reduce the distance an oil droplet must rise to meet a coalescing…