Several proprietary processes have been developed based on the hot carbonate system with an activator or catalyst. These activators increase the performance of the hot…
Vessel Supports Small vertical vessels may be supported by angle support legs, as shown in Figure 12-11. Larger vertical vessels are generally supported by a…
The process of coalescence in oil treating systems is time dependent. In dispersions of two immiscible liquids, immediate coalescence seldom occurs when two droplets collide.…
In selecting an exchanger, one must know the advantages and disadvantages of each type. The three basic types of shell-and-tube exchangers are fixed tube sheet,…
The molecular weight of the stream is calculated from the weighted average gas molecular weight given by: The molecular weight of the gas stream of…
Hydrocyclone separators, sometimes called enhanced gravity separators, use centrifugal force to remove oil droplets from oily water. As shown in Figure 7-16, static hydrocyclone separator…
Produced wellhead fluids are complex mixtures of different compounds of hydrogen and carbon, all with different densities, vapor pressures, and other physical characteristics. As a well stream flows from the hot, high-pressure petroleum reservoir, it experiences pressure and temperature reductions. Gases evolve from the liquids and the well streamchanges in character.
This is not strictly a cut but consists of all the light material in the crude absorbed into the total overhead distillate from the crude…
The gravity settling devices previously discussed make use of closely spaced internals to reduce the distance an oil droplet must rise to meet a coalescing…
It is normally a good idea to include a simple vortex breaker as shown in Figure 4-9 to keep a vortex from developing when the…