Most oil-treating equipment relies on gravity to separate water droplets from the oil continuous phase, because water droplets are heavier than the volume of oil…
It is possible to use a coalescing media to promote coalescence of the water droplets. These media provide large surface area upon which water droplets…
The way in which the process temperature is controlled varies. In a heater, a temperature controller measures the process temperature and signals a fuel valve…
Flow regimes describe the nature of fluid flow. There are two basic flow regimes for flow of a single-phase fluid: laminar flow and turbulent flow.…
The simplest form of primary treating equipment is a settling (skim) tank or vessel. These items are normally designed to provide long residence times during…
Resembling dirty ice, hydrates consist of a water lattice in which light hydrocarbon molecules are embedded. They are a loosely-linked crystalline chemical compound of hydrocarbon…
The flow rate for gas through a given orifice area or the area required for a given flow rate is obtained by:
There are usually two naphtha cuts produced from most crude. These are: Light naphtha (sometimes called light gasoline) Heavy naphtha. Both these streams are the…
A bed of structured packing consists of a bed support upon which elements of structured packing are placed. Beds of structured packing typically have lower…
The maximum allowable stress values to be used in the calculation of the vessel’s wall thickness are given in the ASME Code for many different…