These are thin diaphragms held between flanges and calibrated to burst at a specified static inlet pressure. Unlike relief valves, rapture discs cannot reseal when…
For stripping service, as in a glycol or amine contactor , bubble cap trays are the most common. In recent years, there has been a…
This is the bottom product from the atmospheric distillation of the crude oil. Most crude oils are distilled in the atmospheric crude oil tower to…
Figure 4-2 is a schematic of a vertical separator. In this configuration the inlet flow enters the vessel through the side. As in the horizontal…
In many refineries most of theC4’s and lighter are removed from the atmospheric column overhead distillate in the first column of the light end unit.…
These processes are based on the solubility of the H2S and/or CO2 within the solvent, instead of on chemical reactions between the acid gas and…
To assure that the liquid and gas reach equilibrium at separator pressure a certain liquid storage is required. This is defined as “retention time” or…
Coriolis mass-flow controllers (MFCs) are widely used in the chemical process industries (CPI) for applications that require precise and accurate measurement and control of critical…
The sensible heat duty for the oil phase is: where Q0 = oil flow rate, bpd SG = oil specific gravity C0 = oil specific…
The required heat duty, film coefficients, conductivity, etc. for a shell and tube heat exchanger can be calculated using the procedures in Heat Transfer Theory,…