This is the bottom product from the atmospheric distillation of the crude oil. Most crude oils are distilled in the atmospheric crude oil tower to…
The oil must be held at temperature for a specific period of time to enable de-emulsifying the water-in-oil emulsion. This information is best determined in…
The flow of a compressible fluid through an orifice is limited by critical flow. Critical flow is also referred to as choked flow, sonic flow,…
A vent scrubber is a two-phase separator designed to remove the liquid from the relieving fluids before the gas is flared or vented. The liquid…
It should be clear from the description of LTX units that the lower pressure separator in an LTX unit is a simple form of cold-feed…
In vertical separators, a minimum diameter must be maintained to allow liquid drops to separate from the vertically moving gas. The liquid retention time requirement…
The question always comes up of which fluid to put in the tubes and which fluid to put in the shell. Consider placing a fluid…
The most important safety devices in a production facility are the pressure relief valves, which ensure that pipes, valves, fittings, and pressure vessels can never…
In the past, it was common to direct the water to be treated through a bed of excelsior or another similar medium, as shown in…
SulfaTreat process is similar to the iron sponge process. It uses a patented proprietary mixture of ferric oxide and triferric oxide to react with H2O…