The major cause of foam in crude oil is the appearance of impurities, other than water, which are impractical to remove before the stream reaches…
Pilot-operated relief valves use the pressure in the vessel rather than a spring to seal the valve and a pilot to activate the mechanism. Figure…
Most commonly used water treating equipment items rely on the forces of gravity to separate the oil droplets from the water continuous phase. The oil…
Most oil treating on offshore facilities is done in vertical or horizontal treaters, such as those described in “Crude Oil Treating System“. Figure 2-8 is…
The choice of separator operating pressures in a multistage system is large. For large facilities many options should be investigated before a final choice is…
Choking, or expansion of gas from a high pressure to a lower pressure, is generally required for control of gas flow rates. Choking is achieved…
The most common form of parallel plate interceptor used in oil facilities is the corrugated plate interceptor (CPI). This is a refinement of the PPI…
This is the bottom product from the vacuum distillation unit. Just as in the case of the atmospheric residue it has several options for its…
Federal regulations and most authorities having jurisdiction require that “free oil” be removed from deck drainage prior to disposal. It is extremely difficult to predict…
Flow regimes describe the nature of fluid flow. There are two basic flow regimes for flow of a single-phase fluid: laminar flow and turbulent flow.…