As more stages are added to the process there is less and less incremental liquid recovery. The diminishing income for adding a stage must more…
This is the bottom product from the vacuum distillation unit. Just as in the case of the atmospheric residue it has several options for its…
To maintain pressure on a separator, a liquid seal must be effected in the lower portion of the vessel. This liquid seal prevents loss of…
Coalescing of the small water drops dispersed in the crude can be accomplished by subjecting the water-in-oil emulsion to a high-voltage electrical field. When a…
Vortex Breaker As liquid flows out of the exit nozzle, it will swirl and create a vortex. Vortexing would carry the gas out with the…
This equation, which is also sometimes called the Weisbach equation or the Darcy-Weisbach equation, states that the friction head loss between two points in a…
Control valves are used throughout the process to control pressure, level, temperature, or flow. It is beyond the scope of this text to discussthe differences…
This is the bottom product from the atmospheric distillation of the crude oil. Most crude oils are distilled in the atmospheric crude oil tower to…
Each relief valve should be equipped with inlet piping no smaller than the valve inlet flange size, and inlet piping should be as short as…
It is important to be able to estimate vessel weights, since most cost estimating procedures start with the weight of the vessel. The vessel weight,…