This is the bottom product from the vacuum distillation unit. Just as in the case of the atmospheric residue it has several options for its…
In selecting an exchanger, one must know the advantages and disadvantages of each type. The three basic types of shell-and-tube exchangers are fixed tube sheet,…
The factor of proportionality in the previous equations is called the Moody friction factor and is determined from the Moody resistance diagram shown in Figure…
It is also necessary to control the gas/liquid interface or the oil/water interface in process equipment. This is done with a level controller and liquid…
Process outlet temperature in an aerial cooler can be controlled by louvers, fan variable speed drives, blade pitch or recirculation of process fluid. As the…
The major cause of foam in crude oil is the appearance of impurities, other than water, which are impractical to remove before the stream reaches…
A pipe that releases gas to disperse into the atmosphere is called a vent. If the gas is burned at the tip, it is called…
One method of assuring that hydrates do not form is to assure that the amount of water vapor in the gas is always less than…
An oscillating droplet of oil becomes unstable when the kinetic energy is sufficient to make up for the difference in the surface energy between the…
The relief header is a system of piping connecting the outlets of all the relief valves into a common pipe or header that goes to…