This is the bottom product from the atmospheric distillation of the crude oil. Most crude oils are distilled in the atmospheric crude oil tower to…
The area of the fire tube is normally calculated based on a heat flux rate of 10,000 Btu/hr-ft2. The fire-tube length can be determined from:…
Plate-and-frame exchangers are an arrangement of gasketed, pressed metal plates aligned on carrying bars and secured between two covers by compression bolts. The pressed metal…
The sensible heat duty for the oil phase is: where Q0 = oil flow rate, bpd SG = oil specific gravity C0 = oil specific…
Balanced relief valves are spring-loaded valves that contain a bellows arrangement to keep back-pressure from affecting the set point. Figure 13-4 shows a cross section…
A bed of random packing typically consists of a bed support (typically a gas injection support plate) upon which pieces of packing material are randomly…
It is possible to use a coalescing media to promote coalescence of the water droplets. These media provide large surface area upon which water droplets…
Two-Phase Flow There are no precise formulas for calculating orifice area for twophase flow. The common convention is to calculate the area required for the…
Vortex Breaker As liquid flows out of the exit nozzle, it will swirl and create a vortex. Vortexing would carry the gas out with the…
In order to choose the coil length and diameter, a temperature must first be chosen upstream of the choke; the higher Th the longer the…