Coriolis mass-flow controllers (MFCs) are widely used in the chemical process industries (CPI) for applications that require precise and accurate measurement and control of critical…
When subjected to a magnetic induction B, an elementary volume v of magnetizable substance acquires local magnetization M, where M is the magnetic moment of…
The Reynolds number is a dimensionless parameter that relates the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces. It can be expressed by the following general…
Aerial coolers are often used to cool a hot fluid to near ambient temperature. They are mechanically simple and flexible, and they eliminate the nuisance…
In order to choose the coil length and diameter, a temperature must first be chosen upstream of the choke; the higher Th the longer the…
The flow rate for gas through a given orifice area or the area required for a given flow rate is obtained by:
The oil must be held at temperature for a specific period of time to enable de-emulsifying the water-in-oil emulsion. This information is best determined in…
Figure 13-2 shows a cross section of a conventional relief valve and Figure 13-3 is a schematic that shows the valve’s operation. Convention al relief…
The design pressure for a vessel is called its “Maximum Allowable Working Pressure” (MAWP). In conversation this is sometimes referred to simply as the vessel’s…
When thinking about emulsion stability, it may be helpful to realize that in a pure oil and pure water mixture, without an emulsifying agent, no…