Head Bernoulli is a term that refers to the total energy of a fluid at a given point in a steady flow system. It consists…
Two-Phase Flow There are no precise formulas for calculating orifice area for twophase flow. The common convention is to calculate the area required for the…
A drain system that is connected directly to pressure vessels is called a “pressure” or “closed” drain system. A drain system that collects liquids that…
The flow of a compressible fluid through an orifice is limited by critical flow. Critical flow is also referred to as choked flow, sonic flow,…
Heat-exchanger tubes should not be confused with steel pipe or other types of pipe that are extruded to steel pipe sizes. The outside diameter of…
Specific gravity of a liquid is the ratio of the density of the liquid at 60°F to the density of pure water. API gravity is…
Coalescing of the small water drops dispersed in the crude can be accomplished by subjecting the water-in-oil emulsion to a high-voltage electrical field. When a…
The major cause of foam in crude oil is the appearance of impurities, other than water, which are impractical to remove before the stream reaches…
It is important to be able to estimate vessel weights, since most cost estimating procedures start with the weight of the vessel. The vessel weight,…
The way in which the process temperature is controlled varies. In a heater, a temperature controller measures the process temperature and signals a fuel valve…