There are usually two naphtha cuts produced from most crude. These are: Light naphtha (sometimes called light gasoline) Heavy naphtha. Both these streams are the…
Water Treatment describes choosing a process for this subsystem, including vessel and open drains. Figure 2-13 shows an enlargement of the watertreating system for the…
The oil must be held at temperature for a specific period of time to enable de-emulsifying the water-in-oil emulsion. This information is best determined in…
This is the bottom product from the vacuum distillation unit. Just as in the case of the atmospheric residue it has several options for its…
These are thin diaphragms held between flanges and calibrated to burst at a specified static inlet pressure. Unlike relief valves, rapture discs cannot reseal when…
Hydrocarbon streams as produced at the wellhead are composed of a mixture of gas, liquid hydrocarbons, and sometimes free water. In most cases it is…
Cyclone separators are designed to operate by centrifugal force. These designs are best suited for fairly clean gas streams. The swirling action of the gas…
A double-pipe exchanger is made up of one pipe containing the tube fluid concentric with another pipe, which serves as the shell. The tube is…
Most commonly used water treating equipment items rely on the forces of gravity to separate the oil droplets from the water continuous phase. The oil…
Separators are designed in either horizontal, vertical, or spherical configurations. Figure 4-1 is a schematic of a horizontal separator. The initial gross separation of liquid…