This is the bottom product from the atmospheric distillation of the crude oil. Most crude oils are distilled in the atmospheric crude oil tower to…
The Bernoulli equation is a way of describing how the energy of a fluid changes along its path. It says that the sum of the…
In addition to the type description code there is also a shorthand that is used for classifying heat exchangers. The first element of the shorthand…
Sand can be very troublesome in separators by causing cutout of valve trim, plugging of separator internals, and accumulation in the bottom of the separator.…
Hydrocyclone separators, sometimes called enhanced gravity separators, use centrifugal force to remove oil droplets from oily water. As shown in Figure 7-16, static hydrocyclone separator…
A gas-processing plant, is designed to recover ethane, propane, butane, and other natural gas liquids from the gas stream. A condensate stabilizer also recovers some…
Laboratory testing of a particular oil at various temperatures is the most reliable method of determining how an oil behaves. ASTM D 341 outlines a…
This process uses propylene carbonate as a physical solvent to remove CO2 and H2S. Propylene carbonate also removes C2+ hydrocarbons, COS, SO2, CS2, and H2O…
It is important to be able to estimate vessel weights, since most cost estimating procedures start with the weight of the vessel. The vessel weight,…
Choking, or expansion of gas from a high pressure to a lower pressure, is generally required for control of gas flow rates. Choking is achieved…