Specific gravity of a liquid is the ratio of the density of the liquid at 60°F to the density of pure water. API gravity is…
The relief header is a system of piping connecting the outlets of all the relief valves into a common pipe or header that goes to…
Shell-and-tube exchangers contain several types of baffles to help direct the flow of both tube-side and shell-side fluids. Pass partition baffles force the fluid to…
The molecular weight of the stream is calculated from the weighted average gas molecular weight given by: The molecular weight of the gas stream of…
Resembling dirty ice, hydrates consist of a water lattice in which light hydrocarbon molecules are embedded. They are a loosely-linked crystalline chemical compound of hydrocarbon…
In the past, it was common to direct the water to be treated through a bed of excelsior or another similar medium, as shown in…
Before choosing a wall thickness it is necessary to choose a pressure rating for the coil. Typically, the high-pressure coil (L1) is rated for the…
To assure that the liquid and gas reach equilibrium at separator pressure a certain liquid storage is required. This is defined as “retention time” or…
This is the bottom product from the vacuum distillation unit. Just as in the case of the atmospheric residue it has several options for its…
A bed of structured packing consists of a bed support upon which elements of structured packing are placed. Beds of structured packing typically have lower…