The droplet diameter is the most important single parameter to control to aid in water settling since this term is squared in the settling equation.…
Flow regimes describe the nature of fluid flow. There are two basic flow regimes for flow of a single-phase fluid: laminar flow and turbulent flow.…
Resembling dirty ice, hydrates consist of a water lattice in which light hydrocarbon molecules are embedded. They are a loosely-linked crystalline chemical compound of hydrocarbon…
Coalescing of the small water drops dispersed in the crude can be accomplished by subjecting the water-in-oil emulsion to a high-voltage electrical field. When a…
Many times the designer is given the mole fraction of each component in the feed stream but is not given the mole flow rate for…
In modern refinery practice the distillation of atmospheric residue is accomplished under high vacuum conditions in a specially designed tower whose internal equipment ensures a…
The first step in choosing a water treating system is to characterize the influent water streams. It is necessary to know both the oil concentration…
In large facilities oil is typically sold through a LACT unit, which is designed to meet API Standards and whatever additional measuring and sampling standards…
Separators are designed in either horizontal, vertical, or spherical configurations. Figure 4-1 is a schematic of a horizontal separator. The initial gross separation of liquid…
For stripping service, as in a glycol or amine contactor , bubble cap trays are the most common. In recent years, there has been a…