Hydrocarbon streams as produced at the wellhead are composed of a mixture of gas, liquid hydrocarbons, and sometimes free water. In most cases it is…
To assure that the liquid and gas reach equilibrium at separator pressure a certain liquid storage is required. This is defined as “retention time” or…
There are usually two naphtha cuts produced from most crude. These are: Light naphtha (sometimes called light gasoline) Heavy naphtha. Both these streams are the…
Knowledge of the temperature and pressure of a gas stream at the wellhead is important for determining whether hydrate formation can be expected when the…
Pilot-operated relief valves use the pressure in the vessel rather than a spring to seal the valve and a pilot to activate the mechanism. Figure…
A pipe that releases gas to disperse into the atmosphere is called a vent. If the gas is burned at the tip, it is called…
In the absence of any laboratory data, correlations exist that relate viscosity and temperature, given the oil gravity. The following equation relating viscosity, gravity, and…
Flow regimes describe the nature of fluid flow. There are two basic flow regimes for flow of a single-phase fluid: laminar flow and turbulent flow.…
This is not strictly a cut but consists of all the light material in the crude absorbed into the total overhead distillate from the crude…
Foam at the interface may occur when gas bubbles are liberated from the liquid. This foam can be stabilized with the addition of chemicals at…