The specific gravity difference between the dispersed water droplets and the oil should result in the water “sinking” to the bottom of the treatment vessel.…
An oscillating droplet of oil becomes unstable when the kinetic energy is sufficient to make up for the difference in the surface energy between the…
Most oil treating on offshore facilities is done in vertical or horizontal treaters, such as those described in “Crude Oil Treating System“. Figure 2-8 is…
For an emulsion to exist there must be two mutually immiscible liquids, an emulsifying agent, and sufficient agitation to disperse the discontinuous phase into the…
Cyclone separators are designed to operate by centrifugal force. These designs are best suited for fairly clean gas streams. The swirling action of the gas…
It is normally a good idea to include a simple vortex breaker as shown in Figure 4-9 to keep a vortex from developing when the…
A bed of structured packing consists of a bed support upon which elements of structured packing are placed. Beds of structured packing typically have lower…
Produced wellhead fluids are complex mixtures of different compounds of hydrogen and carbon, all with different densities, vapor pressures, and other physical characteristics. As a well stream flows from the hot, high-pressure petroleum reservoir, it experiences pressure and temperature reductions. Gases evolve from the liquids and the well streamchanges in character.
Two common internals not discussed are coalescing plates and sand jets. It is possible to use various plate or pipe coalescer designs to aid in…
This is the bottom product from the vacuum distillation unit. Just as in the case of the atmospheric residue it has several options for its…