The factor of proportionality in the previous equations is called the Moody friction factor and is determined from the Moody resistance diagram shown in Figure…
It can be shown mathematically that an efficient design must have a high gas induction rate, a small diameter induced gas bubble, and relatively large…
Head Bernoulli is a term that refers to the total energy of a fluid at a given point in a steady flow system. It consists…
A bed of structured packing consists of a bed support upon which elements of structured packing are placed. Beds of structured packing typically have lower…
Foam at the interface may occur when gas bubbles are liberated from the liquid. This foam can be stabilized with the addition of chemicals at…
Control valves are used throughout the process to control pressure, level, temperature, or flow. It is beyond the scope of this text to discussthe differences…
Most commonly used water treating equipment items rely on the forces of gravity to separate the oil droplets from the water continuous phase. The oil…
In producing operations it is often necessary to handle waste water that may include water produced with crude oil, rain water, and washdown water. The…
Tube holes cannot be drilled very close together, since this may structually weaken the tube sheet. The shortest distance between two adjacent tube holes is…
The first form of a plate coalescer was the parallel plate interceptor (PPI). This involved installing a series of plates parallel to the longitudinal axis…