An oscillating droplet of oil becomes unstable when the kinetic energy is sufficient to make up for the difference in the surface energy between the…
The oil must be held at temperature for a specific period of time to enable de-emulsifying the water-in-oil emulsion. This information is best determined in…
In the past, it was common to direct the water to be treated through a bed of excelsior or another similar medium, as shown in…
Balanced relief valves are spring-loaded valves that contain a bellows arrangement to keep back-pressure from affecting the set point. Figure 13-4 shows a cross section…
For an oil and gas separator to accomplish its primary functions, pressure must be maintained in the separator so that the liquid and gas can…
A drain system that is connected directly to pressure vessels is called a “pressure” or “closed” drain system. A drain system that collects liquids that…
Plate-and-frame exchangers are an arrangement of gasketed, pressed metal plates aligned on carrying bars and secured between two covers by compression bolts. The pressed metal…
This property of a fluid indicates its resistance to flow. It is a dynamic property, in that it can be measured only when the fluid…
Coalescing of the small water drops dispersed in the crude can be accomplished by subjecting the water-in-oil emulsion to a high-voltage electrical field. When a…
Foam at the interface may occur when gas bubbles are liberated from the liquid. This foam can be stabilized with the addition of chemicals at…