Heat exchangers used in gas production facilities are shell-and-tube, double-pipe, plate-and-frame, bath-type, forced-air, or direct-fired. In this chapter we will discuss the basic concepts for…
A vessel may be subject to more than one condition under different failure scenarios. For example, a low pressure separator may be subject to blocked…
Separators are designed in either horizontal, vertical, or spherical configurations. Figure 4-1 is a schematic of a horizontal separator. The initial gross separation of liquid…
Erosional flow criteria will almost always govern in choosing the diameter. Sometimes it is necessary to check for pressure drop in the coil. Typically, pressure…
For an oil and gas separator to accomplish its primary functions, pressure must be maintained in the separator so that the liquid and gas can…
Pilot-operated relief valves use the pressure in the vessel rather than a spring to seal the valve and a pilot to activate the mechanism. Figure…
Plate-and-frame exchangers are an arrangement of gasketed, pressed metal plates aligned on carrying bars and secured between two covers by compression bolts. The pressed metal…
The way in which the process temperature is controlled varies. In a heater, a temperature controller measures the process temperature and signals a fuel valve…
Direct-fired combustion equipment is that in which the flame and/or products of combustion are used to achieve the desired result by radiation and convection. Common…
In modern refinery practice the distillation of atmospheric residue is accomplished under high vacuum conditions in a specially designed tower whose internal equipment ensures a…